What to Expect 🚑🔥

Incorrect. The compression-to-ventilation ratio for single-rescuer infant CPR is 30:2, ensuring sufficient oxygenation and circulation.

Incorrect. Chest compressions for infants should be about 1/3 the depth of the chest, approximately 1.5 inches (4 cm).

Incorrect. Pediatric defibrillation begins at 2 J/kg and increases to 4 J/kg for subsequent shocks if needed.

Incorrect. Assessing responsiveness is the first step in determining the need for CPR or other interventions in the BLS survey.

Incorrect. Adenosine 6 mg is given as a rapid IV push for terminating narrow-complex SVT caused by reentrant pathways.

Incorrect. Oxygenation and ventilation should be closely monitored to prevent hypoxia and hyperoxia.

Incorrect. Naloxone is used to reverse opioid overdose, restoring respiratory effort in patients with respiratory depression.

Incorrect. Pulseless VT is treated with defibrillation, not atropine. Atropine is used for symptomatic bradycardia.

Incorrect. Activating EMS ensures help is on the way while you assess and initiate resuscitation.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion is used to restore a normal rhythm in unstable atrial fibrillation.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate stabilizes the cardiac membrane and is the drug of choice for torsades de pointes.

Incorrect. Placing hands on the lower half of the sternum ensures effective chest compressions without damaging other structures.

Incorrect. Biphasic defibrillators deliver effective shocks within the range of 120-200 J, restoring organized electrical activity.

Incorrect. Adenosine is used for narrow-complex SVT, not wide-complex tachycardia, which is typically treated with amiodarone.

Incorrect. A PETCO2 level greater than 10 mmHg indicates that chest compressions are generating adequate blood flow.

Incorrect. While hypoglycemia can cause critical symptoms, it is not included in the H's and T's of reversible causes of cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography provides real-time confirmation of ET tube placement and ensures proper ventilation.

Incorrect. Atropine doses should not exceed 3 mg during bradycardia management to avoid adverse effects.

Incorrect. VF is a shockable rhythm requiring immediate defibrillation to restore organized cardiac activity.

Incorrect. Hypokalemia can cause cardiac arrhythmias and is included in the "H's" of reversible causes of cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Lidocaine is an alternative antiarrhythmic for refractory VF, dosed at 1 mg/kg IV/IO.

Incorrect. Hypovolemia is a reversible cause of cardiac arrest and should be corrected with fluid resuscitation.

Incorrect. Atropine at 0.5 mg IV is the first-line treatment for symptomatic bradycardia caused by vagal stimulation.

Incorrect. VF is a shockable rhythm requiring immediate defibrillation to restore organized electrical activity.

Incorrect. Ventilations are delivered at a rate of 6-8 breaths per minute to prevent hyperventilation.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is repeated every 3-5 minutes during cardiac arrest to enhance perfusion pressure.

Incorrect. With an advanced airway in place, compressions continue uninterrupted while breaths are delivered at 6-8 breaths per minute.

Incorrect. Symptomatic second-degree AV block type II can progress to complete heart block, requiring pacing.

Incorrect. Compressions at 1/3 the depth of the chest ensure adequate perfusion while minimizing injury to internal organs.

Incorrect. Naloxone is only used in cases of suspected opioid overdose and is not universally administered in cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Atrial fibrillation is cardioverted starting at 120-200 J in synchronized mode to avoid delivering the shock during ventricular repolarization.

Incorrect. Adenosine is contraindicated in unstable patients; synchronized cardioversion is the treatment of choice in such cases.

Incorrect. Pulse checks should be limited to 10 seconds to minimize interruptions in chest compressions.

Incorrect. Compressing one-third the depth of the chest ensures adequate perfusion while minimizing the risk of injury.

Incorrect. Delivering 1 breath every 5-6 seconds prevents hypoventilation or hyperventilation.

Incorrect. PEA is not a shockable rhythm; it is treated with CPR and addressing reversible causes such as hypoxia or hypovolemia.

Incorrect. With an advanced airway, compressions continue uninterrupted while ventilation is provided at a rate of 10 breaths per minute.

Incorrect. Post-ROSC care focuses on maintaining oxygenation and avoiding hypoxia or hyperoxia to protect organ function.

Incorrect. Interruptions in chest compressions should not exceed 10 seconds to maintain adequate perfusion to vital organs.

Incorrect. Pulse checks should be limited to 5-10 seconds to minimize interruptions in chest compressions.

Incorrect. Administered every 3-5 minutes to restore circulation by increasing coronary and cerebral perfusion pressure.

Incorrect. The target oxygen saturation is 92-96% to avoid hyperoxia, which can contribute to oxidative injury.

Incorrect. Biphasic defibrillators deliver effective shocks within the range of 120-200 J to treat VF or pulseless VT.

Incorrect. A rate of 100-120 compressions per minute ensures adequate circulation without risking incomplete recoil or excessive fatigue.

Incorrect. The two-thumb encircling technique provides high-quality compressions for infants during CPR.

Incorrect. A sudden increase in PETCO2 is a reliable indicator of ROSC, reflecting improved circulation and gas exchange.

Incorrect. The jaw thrust maneuver opens the airway without manipulating the cervical spine, protecting against spinal cord injury.

Incorrect. Switching every 2 minutes reduces rescuer fatigue and ensures high-quality chest compressions.

Incorrect. Dopamine is used when atropine is ineffective, improving heart rate and contractility by stimulating beta receptors.

Incorrect. With an advanced airway in place, compressions should continue uninterrupted while providing 10 breaths per minute.

Incorrect. High-quality CPR should be resumed immediately after a shock to maintain perfusion and increase the likelihood of ROSC.

Incorrect. Biphasic defibrillation begins at 120-200 J to terminate shockable rhythms like VF and pulseless VT effectively.

Incorrect. PETCO2 monitoring provides real-time feedback on chest compressions and the effectiveness of CPR.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks are performed every 2 minutes to evaluate for shockable rhythms and assess the effectiveness of interventions.

Incorrect. ROSC stands for "Return of Spontaneous Circulation," indicating the resumption of a perfusing rhythm.

Incorrect. Maintains vasoconstriction, improving blood flow to vital organs during resuscitation.

Incorrect. Defibrillation is the priority for VF and should not be delayed for drug administration, as it is the definitive treatment.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is administered to increase coronary and cerebral perfusion pressure during cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Compressing to a depth of 2-2.4 inches ensures adequate circulation without causing damage to internal organs.

Incorrect. Maintaining a compression fraction of greater than 80% ensures the majority of resuscitation time is spent on compressions.

Incorrect. Maintaining oxygen saturation at 92-96% prevents hypoxia and avoids complications associated with hyperoxia.

Incorrect. Two rescuers are needed to maintain high-quality CPR with an advanced airway: one for compressions and one for ventilation.

Incorrect. The correct dose of epinephrine for pediatric cardiac arrest is 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO, not 1 mg/kg.

Incorrect. Asystole is a non-shockable rhythm requiring immediate high-quality CPR and epinephrine to optimize perfusion.

Incorrect. The compression fraction should be greater than 80% to maximize perfusion during CPR.