4.3 Infant & Child Breaths (For Healthcare Providers Only)

Important Note:

• Laypersons should perform hands-only CPR (chest compressions only) unless trained and willing to give rescue breaths.
• Healthcare Providers (HCPs) must follow the full BLS protocol, including pulse checks and rescue breathing when indicated.

Opening the Airway

To provide effective ventilation, the airway must remain open.

Head Tilt–Chin Lift Maneuver

For unresponsive patients without suspected trauma:

1. Place one hand on the forehead and gently tilt the head back.
2. Use two fingers under the jaw to lift the chin, maintaining an open airway.

If spinal injury is suspected, use the jaw thrust maneuver instead to avoid neck movement.

Bag-Mask Ventilation

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Bag-Mask Ventilation

(For HCPs Only)

A bag-mask device (BVM) is preferred for assisted breaths in clinical or emergency settings.

Two-Rescuer Bag-Mask Ventilation

• Rescuer 1: Opens the airway and ensures a tight seal with the mask.
• Rescuer 2: Delivers ventilations using the BVM.

Proper Technique

1. Position yourself at the victim’s head.
2. Place the mask over the nose and mouth, aligning with the bridge of the nose.
3. Use the E-C clamp technique
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   E-C clamp technique

   
   to seal the mask:
   • Thumb and index finger form a C shape around the mask.
   • The remaining fingers form an E shape to lift the jaw into the mask.
4. Deliver each breath over 1 second, watching for visible chest rise.
5. Avoid excessive ventilation to prevent gastric inflation.

Ventilation Guidelines for HCPs