If there is any doubt about the presence of a pulse, start chest compressions immediately.

Rescue breathing should be initiated for a patient with a pulse but no normal breathing.

Visible chest rise is the best indicator that rescue breaths are effectively ventilating the lungs.

Chest compressions keep oxygenated blood circulating to the brain and heart until normal function is restored.

The recommended compression rate is 100-120 compressions per minute.

AED pads should be placed at least 1 inch away from a pacemaker to avoid interference.

Switching roles every 2 minutes ensures high-quality compressions without fatigue.

Encourage the victim to keep coughing instead of immediately intervening.

Rescuers should switch every 2 minutes to maintain high-quality CPR and prevent fatigue.

The recommended compression rate is 100-120 compressions per minute.

For a single rescuer, the correct ratio is 30 compressions to 2 breaths.

The first step after turning on an AED is attaching the electrode pads.

Pediatric AED pads should be used for children under 8 years old, if available.

Unlike adults, the most common cause of cardiac arrest in infants and children is respiratory failure leading to hypoxia.

Switching roles every 2 minutes prevents rescuer fatigue and ensures continuous, high-quality CPR.

For two-rescuer pediatric CPR, the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio is 15:2.

Shifting the uterus to the left reduces pressure on the inferior vena cava, improving circulation.

Agonal breathing is a sign of cardiac arrest and CPR should be initiated.

Closed-loop communication ensures that orders are acknowledged and carried out correctly.

High-quality CPR requires minimizing interruptions to maintain circulation.

Agonal gasps are not normal breathing and should not delay CPR.

AED pads should be placed at least 1 inch away from a pacemaker to ensure proper function.

Over-ventilation can increase intrathoracic pressure, reducing venous return and cardiac output.

Agonal breathing is a sign of cardiac arrest and CPR should be initiated.

For infants, responsiveness is assessed by tapping the bottom of the foot and shouting.

If a patient has a pulse but is not breathing adequately, healthcare providers should provide rescue breathing without chest compressions.

Pulse checks should be performed approximately every 2 minutes when providing rescue breathing.

Chest compressions maintain circulation and deliver oxygenated blood to the brain and heart.

Agonal breathing is a sign of cardiac arrest and CPR should be initiated.

The best way to ensure effective ventilation is by observing visible chest rise with each breath.

High-quality CPR for children requires compressing at least 1/3 of the chest depth (about 2 inches or 5 cm).

Rescue breaths should be given before starting chest compressions in drowning victims.

Infant chest compressions should be at least 1/3 of the chest depth, approximately 1.5 inches (4 cm).

Naloxone should only be administered if opioid overdose is suspected.

Rescue breathing is recommended for victims with a pulse but inadequate breathing.

Switching roles every 2 minutes prevents rescuer fatigue and minimizes interruptions.

Rescue breathing is the correct response if the patient has a pulse but no breathing.

For adult CPR, compressions should be performed with two hands, one on top of the other, placed on the lower half of the sternum.

For a single rescuer, the correct ratio is 30 compressions to 2 breaths.

Breaths should be delivered over 1 second each to produce visible chest rise.

Pulse checks should be limited to 10 seconds to avoid delaying CPR.

An AED is used on patients who are unresponsive, pulseless, and not breathing.

Most AEDs are programmed to reanalyze the heart rhythm every 2 minutes.

For an unresponsive, pulseless patient, immediate chest compressions are the priority.

Once an advanced airway is in place, continuous compressions are given with 1 breath every 6 seconds.

Excessive ventilation can cause complications like gastric inflation.

Equal chest rise confirms proper ventilation and airway placement.

In a hospital setting, bag-mask ventilation is the preferred method for delivering rescue breaths.

Encourage the victim to keep coughing instead of immediately intervening.

The carotid artery is the preferred site for pulse assessment in unresponsive adults.

Single-rescuer infant CPR follows the 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio, just like adults.

Visible chest rise confirms that breaths are being delivered effectively.

If the patient has a pulse but is not breathing, rescue breathing should be provided with continuous monitoring.

A bag-mask device (BVM) is preferred for healthcare providers as it delivers more effective ventilations.

For suspected spinal injuries, the jaw thrust maneuver is used instead of head tilt-chin lift to maintain spinal alignment.