Encourage the victim to keep coughing instead of immediately intervening.

Agonal breathing is a sign of cardiac arrest and CPR should be initiated.

High-quality CPR requires minimizing interruptions to maintain circulation.

High-quality chest compressions help circulate oxygenated blood to the brain and heart.

CPR should continue until the patient shows signs of life, an AED prompts a shock or no shock, or another trained provider takes over.

Each breath should be given over 1 second with just enough volume to see the chest rise.

High-quality CPR requires minimizing interruptions to maintain circulation.

The two-thumb encircling hands technique is the preferred method for two-rescuer infant CPR, as it provides better depth and control.

Over-ventilation can increase intrathoracic pressure, reducing venous return and cardiac output.

Ventilations should be given every 6 seconds when an advanced airway is in place.

For a responsive choking adult, abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) should be used.

Visible chest rise confirms that breaths are being delivered effectively.

Agonal gasps are not normal breathing and should not delay CPR.

Agonal breathing is a sign of cardiac arrest and CPR should be initiated.

Rescue breaths should be given before starting chest compressions in drowning victims.

The recommended compression rate is 100-120 compressions per minute.

Rescuers should switch every 2 minutes (or 5 cycles of compressions) to maintain high-quality CPR.

To minimize interruptions in care, breathing and pulse checks should be performed simultaneously, taking no more than 10 seconds.

Closed-loop communication ensures that orders are acknowledged and carried out correctly.

Encourage the victim to keep coughing instead of immediately intervening.

For adults with an advanced airway, ventilation should be given at a rate of 1 breath every 6 seconds.

For adults with a pulse but not breathing, provide 1 breath every 5-6 seconds.

Excessive ventilation can cause complications like gastric inflation.

The first step is to turn on the AED before attaching pads and following voice prompts.

In BLS, medication administration is not a designated role—this falls under ACLS-level care.

Unless a valid DNR order is confirmed, resuscitation efforts should begin.

Effective compressions allow full chest recoil, ensuring proper circulation.

Unlike adults, the most common cause of cardiac arrest in infants and children is respiratory failure leading to hypoxia.

If a choking victim becomes unresponsive and pulseless, CPR should begin immediately, starting with compressions.

For infants, responsiveness is assessed by tapping the bottom of the foot and shouting.

The best way to ensure effective ventilation is by observing visible chest rise with each breath.

The carotid artery is the preferred site for pulse assessment in unresponsive adults.

The E-C clamp technique ensures a tight seal while lifting the jaw for an open airway.

For suspected spinal injuries, the jaw thrust maneuver is used instead of head tilt-chin lift to maintain spinal alignment.

For two-rescuer pediatric CPR, the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio is 15:2.

Switching roles every 2 minutes prevents rescuer fatigue and minimizes interruptions.

A bag-mask device (BVM) is preferred for healthcare providers as it delivers more effective ventilations.

Infant chest compressions should be at least 1/3 of the chest depth, approximately 1.5 inches (4 cm).

If the patient has a pulse but is not breathing, rescue breathing should be provided with continuous monitoring.

Excessive ventilation can cause complications like gastric inflation.

If a choking victim becomes unresponsive, emergency services should be activated, and CPR should begin immediately.

Reassessment should occur every 5 cycles of CPR (about 2 minutes) unless an AED prompts earlier evaluation.

Most AEDs are programmed to reanalyze the heart rhythm every 2 minutes.

Once an advanced airway is in place, continuous compressions are given with 1 breath every 6 seconds.

For an unresponsive, pulseless patient, immediate chest compressions are the priority.

High-quality chest compressions are the top priority in cardiac arrest, with ventilation as a secondary focus.

Rescue breathing is recommended for victims with a pulse but inadequate breathing.

For single-rescuer infant CPR, use two fingers just below the nipple line to perform compressions.

Pediatric AED pads should be used for children under 8 years old, if available.

Rescue breathing is the correct response if the patient has a pulse but no breathing.

After a shock is delivered, chest compressions should resume immediately to maintain circulation.

Shifting the uterus to the left reduces pressure on the inferior vena cava, improving circulation.

For two-rescuer infant CPR, the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio is 15:2.

Naloxone should only be administered if opioid overdose is suspected.

Breaths should be delivered over 1 second each to produce visible chest rise.