Over-ventilation can lead to increased intrathoracic pressure, reducing venous return and cardiac output.

For adults with an advanced airway, ventilation should be given at a rate of 1 breath every 6 seconds.

For a single rescuer, the correct ratio is 30 compressions to 2 breaths.

CPR should continue until the patient shows signs of life, an AED prompts a shock or no shock, or another trained provider takes over.

Infant chest compressions should be at least 1/3 of the chest depth, approximately 1.5 inches (4 cm).

A firm surface is needed to ensure effective compressions.

Pulse checks should be limited to 10 seconds to avoid delaying CPR.

Agonal breathing is a sign of cardiac arrest and CPR should be initiated.

Chest compressions keep oxygenated blood circulating to the brain and heart until normal function is restored.

The first step after turning on an AED is attaching the electrode pads.

Agonal breathing is a sign of cardiac arrest and CPR should be initiated.

If the patient has a pulse but is not breathing, rescue breathing should be provided with continuous monitoring.

Shifting the uterus to the left reduces pressure on the inferior vena cava, improving circulation.

Single-rescuer infant CPR follows the 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio, just like adults.

The carotid artery is the preferred site for pulse assessment in unresponsive adults.

Rescue breathing is recommended for victims with a pulse but inadequate breathing.

Early defibrillation is the most critical step in increasing survival rates for patients in cardiac arrest with a shockable rhythm.

Excessive ventilation can cause complications like gastric inflation.

Rescue breathing is the correct response if the patient has a pulse but no breathing.

If a patient is unresponsive with a suspected airway obstruction, chest compressions should be initiated immediately to help clear the airway.

For infants, the correct pulse check location is the brachial artery (inside the upper arm).

Agonal breathing is a sign of cardiac arrest and CPR should be initiated.

Gasping (agonal breathing) is not normal breathing and should not delay CPR.

If the AED does not advise a shock, rescuers should immediately resume CPR.

For suspected spinal injuries, the jaw thrust maneuver is used instead of head tilt-chin lift to maintain spinal alignment.

For a choking infant, back slaps and chest thrusts should be used instead of abdominal thrusts.

Ventilations should be given every 6 seconds when an advanced airway is in place.

Switching roles every 2 minutes ensures high-quality compressions without fatigue.

Encourage the victim to keep coughing instead of immediately intervening.

When a shockable rhythm is detected, defibrillation should be performed as soon as possible.

Over-ventilation can increase intrathoracic pressure, reducing venous return and cardiac output.

For single-rescuer infant CPR, use two fingers just below the nipple line to perform compressions.

Pediatric AED pads should be used for children under 8 years old, if available.

To minimize interruptions in care, breathing and pulse checks should be performed simultaneously, taking no more than 10 seconds.

Clear role assignment and minimizing interruptions optimize CPR quality in a team setting.

Rescue breathing should be initiated for a patient with a pulse but no normal breathing.

Adult chest compressions should be at least 2 inches (5 cm) deep.

Breaths should be delivered over 1 second each to produce visible chest rise.

Visible chest rise confirms that breaths are being delivered effectively.

Equal chest rise and fall confirms proper ventilation and airway placement.

Unlike adults, the most common cause of cardiac arrest in infants and children is respiratory failure leading to hypoxia.

The first step is to turn on the AED before attaching pads and following voice prompts.

Rescue breathing is the correct response if the patient has a pulse but no breathing.

For an unresponsive, pulseless patient, immediate chest compressions are the priority.

The recommended compression rate is 100-120 compressions per minute.

Defibrillation should be performed as soon as a shockable rhythm is detected by the AED.

If a choking victim can cough or speak, encourage them to keep coughing rather than immediately performing abdominal thrusts.

Effective compressions allow full chest recoil, ensuring proper circulation.

For a responsive choking adult, abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) should be used.

High-quality chest compressions help circulate oxygenated blood to the brain and heart.

Ventilations should be given every 6 seconds when an advanced airway is in place.

If a choking victim becomes unresponsive, emergency services should be activated, and CPR should begin immediately.

Rescuers should switch every 2 minutes to maintain high-quality CPR and prevent fatigue.

An AED is used on patients who are unresponsive, pulseless, and not breathing.

A bag-mask device (BVM) is preferred for healthcare providers as it delivers more effective ventilations.