Early defibrillation is the most critical step in increasing survival rates for patients in cardiac arrest with a shockable rhythm.

Over-ventilation can increase intrathoracic pressure, reducing venous return and cardiac output.

If a patient has a pulse but is not breathing adequately, healthcare providers should provide rescue breathing without chest compressions.

A bag-mask device (BVM) is preferred for healthcare providers as it delivers more effective ventilations.

Visible chest rise confirms that breaths are being delivered effectively.

Over-ventilation can lead to increased intrathoracic pressure, reducing venous return and cardiac output.

Most AEDs are programmed to reanalyze the heart rhythm every 2 minutes.

Encourage the victim to keep coughing instead of immediately intervening.

Rescue breathing is the correct response if the patient has a pulse but no breathing.

The carotid artery is the preferred site for pulse assessment in unresponsive adults.

For suspected spinal injury, the jaw thrust maneuver should be used instead of head tilt-chin lift.

The E-C clamp technique ensures a tight seal while lifting the jaw for an open airway.

Rescue breathing is the correct response if the patient has a pulse but no breathing.

Clear role assignment and minimizing interruptions optimize CPR quality in a team setting.

CPR should continue until the patient shows signs of life, an AED prompts a shock or no shock, or another trained provider takes over.

Once an advanced airway is in place, continuous compressions should be given at 100-120 per minute without pausing for breaths.

Excessive ventilation can cause complications like gastric inflation.

For a single rescuer, the correct ratio is 30 compressions to 2 breaths.

The best way to ensure effective ventilation is by observing visible chest rise with each breath.

Each breath should be given over 1 second with just enough volume to see the chest rise.

Rescue breaths should be given before starting chest compressions in drowning victims.

Adult chest compressions should be at least 2 inches (5 cm) deep.

If a patient is unresponsive with a suspected airway obstruction, chest compressions should be initiated immediately to help clear the airway.

Ventilations should be given every 6 seconds when an advanced airway is in place.

Pulse checks should be performed approximately every 2 minutes when providing rescue breathing.

Rescue breathing is the correct response if the patient has a pulse but no breathing.

Agonal breathing is a sign of cardiac arrest and CPR should be initiated.

Rescue breaths should be given before starting chest compressions in drowning victims.

The two-thumb encircling hands technique is the preferred method for two-rescuer infant CPR, as it provides better depth and control.

For two-rescuer infant CPR, the correct ratio is 15:2, not 30:2.

High-quality CPR for children requires compressing at least 1/3 of the chest depth (about 2 inches or 5 cm).

The recommended compression rate is 100-120 compressions per minute.

To minimize interruptions in care, breathing and pulse checks should be performed simultaneously, taking no more than 10 seconds.

If the AED does not advise a shock, rescuers should immediately resume CPR.

For adult CPR, compressions should be performed with two hands, one on top of the other, placed on the lower half of the sternum.

For suspected spinal injuries, the jaw thrust maneuver is used instead of head tilt-chin lift to maintain spinal alignment.

Ventilations should be given every 6 seconds when an advanced airway is in place.

After a shock is delivered, chest compressions should resume immediately to maintain circulation.

Chest compressions should continue while the AED is charging to maintain circulation.

The first step after turning on an AED is attaching the electrode pads.

If a choking victim becomes unresponsive, emergency services should be activated, and CPR should begin immediately.

Effective compressions allow full chest recoil, ensuring proper circulation.

For a choking infant, back slaps and chest thrusts should be used instead of abdominal thrusts.

Equal chest rise and fall confirms proper ventilation and airway placement.

Closed-loop communication ensures that orders are acknowledged and carried out correctly.

Infant chest compressions should be at least 1/3 of the chest depth, approximately 1.5 inches (4 cm).

Rescuers should switch every 2 minutes to maintain high-quality CPR and prevent fatigue.

Shifting the uterus to the left reduces pressure on the inferior vena cava, improving circulation.

High-quality CPR requires minimizing interruptions to maintain circulation.

The recommended compression rate is 100-120 compressions per minute.

The first step after turning on an AED is attaching the electrode pads.

Rescue breathing should be initiated for a patient with a pulse but no normal breathing.

Excessive ventilation can cause complications like gastric inflation.

The first step is to turn on the AED before attaching pads and following voice prompts.

Rescue breathing is recommended for victims with a pulse but inadequate breathing.