Over-ventilation can increase intrathoracic pressure, reducing venous return and cardiac output.

Switching roles every 2 minutes prevents rescuer fatigue and minimizes interruptions.

If a patient is unresponsive with a suspected airway obstruction, chest compressions should be initiated immediately to help clear the airway.

Effective compressions allow full chest recoil, ensuring proper circulation.

Visible chest rise confirms that breaths are being delivered effectively.

High-quality CPR for adults requires compressions at least 2 inches deep at a rate of 100-120 per minute.

The first step is to turn on the AED before attaching pads and following voice prompts.

High-quality chest compressions are the top priority in cardiac arrest, with ventilation as a secondary focus.

Chest compressions maintain circulation and deliver oxygenated blood to the brain and heart.

Breaths should be delivered over 1 second each to produce visible chest rise.

Switching roles every 2 minutes minimizes interruptions and maintains high-quality CPR.

Once an advanced airway is in place, continuous compressions should be given at 100-120 per minute without pausing for breaths.

For a single rescuer, the correct ratio is 30 compressions to 2 breaths.

AED pads should be placed at least 1 inch away from a pacemaker to avoid interference.

Most AEDs are programmed to reanalyze the heart rhythm every 2 minutes.

For suspected spinal injury, the jaw thrust maneuver should be used instead of head tilt-chin lift.

For infants, the correct pulse check location is the brachial artery (inside the upper arm).

Gasping (agonal breathing) is not normal breathing and should not delay CPR.

Agonal gasps are not normal breathing and should not delay CPR.

Single-rescuer infant CPR follows the 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio, just like adults.

Excessive ventilation can cause complications like gastric inflation.

Rescue breathing is recommended for victims with a pulse but inadequate breathing.

Rescue breathing is the correct response if the patient has a pulse but no breathing.

For a single rescuer, the correct ratio is 30 compressions to 2 breaths.

For infants, responsiveness is assessed by tapping the bottom of the foot and shouting.

Infant chest compressions should be at least 1/3 of the chest depth, approximately 1.5 inches (4 cm).

Ventilations should be given every 6 seconds when an advanced airway is in place.

In BLS, medication administration is not a designated role—this falls under ACLS-level care.

Reassessment should occur every 5 cycles of CPR (about 2 minutes) unless an AED prompts earlier evaluation.

Each breath should be given over 1 second with just enough volume to see the chest rise.

The best way to ensure effective ventilation is by observing visible chest rise with each breath.

High-quality chest compressions help circulate oxygenated blood to the brain and heart.

Rescue breathing should be initiated for a patient with a pulse but no normal breathing.

Encourage the victim to keep coughing instead of immediately intervening.

If a choking victim becomes unresponsive and pulseless, CPR should begin immediately, starting with compressions.

Equal chest rise confirms proper ventilation and airway placement.

For two-rescuer infant CPR, the correct ratio is 15:2, not 30:2.

For a choking infant, back slaps and chest thrusts should be used instead of abdominal thrusts.

For suspected spinal injuries, the jaw thrust maneuver is used instead of head tilt-chin lift to maintain spinal alignment.

If a choking victim becomes unresponsive, emergency services should be activated, and CPR should begin immediately.

Switching roles every 2 minutes ensures high-quality compressions without fatigue.

Excessive ventilation can cause complications like gastric inflation.

Switching roles every 2 minutes prevents rescuer fatigue and ensures continuous, high-quality CPR.

Agonal breathing is a sign of cardiac arrest and CPR should be initiated.

Adult chest compressions should be at least 2 inches (5 cm) deep.

Pulse checks should be limited to 10 seconds to avoid delaying CPR.

For adults with a pulse but not breathing, provide 1 breath every 5-6 seconds.

Rescue breaths should be given before starting chest compressions in drowning victims.

Rescue breathing is the correct response if the patient has a pulse but no breathing.

Encourage the victim to keep coughing instead of immediately intervening.

High-quality CPR requires minimizing interruptions to maintain circulation.

The recommended compression rate is 100-120 compressions per minute.

For an unresponsive, pulseless patient, immediate chest compressions are the priority.

Unlike adults, the most common cause of cardiac arrest in infants and children is respiratory failure leading to hypoxia.

Encourage the victim to keep coughing instead of immediately intervening.