INTRAOSSEOUS (IO) ACCESS IN CHILDREN

Intraosseous (IO) access is used when IV access is not feasible, particularly in critical emergencies. The IO route allows rapid delivery of fluids and medications through the bone marrow.

Key Points:

• Indications: Failure to obtain IV access after multiple attempts or during cardiac arrest.
• Common Sites: Proximal tibia, distal femur, and humeral head.
• Technique: Insert the IO needle at a 90-degree angle to the bone, avoiding growth plates in children.
• Complications: Risk of infection, extravasation, or fracture.

IO access is a reliable and efficient method for delivering critical interventions in pediatric emergencies.