RECOGNITION OF CARDIAC ARREST CAUSES (H’S AND T’S)

Understanding the reversible causes of cardiac arrest is critical for successful resuscitation. These causes are categorized as “H’s” and “T’s.”

The H’s:

• Hypovolemia: Treat with fluid resuscitation.
• Hypoxia: Ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation.
• Hydrogen Ion (Acidosis): Correct with ventilation and sodium bicarbonate if needed.
• Hypoglycemia: Administer dextrose as indicated.
• Hypo-/Hyperkalemia: Monitor and manage electrolytes appropriately.
• Hypothermia: Rewarm gradually.

The T’s:

• Tension Pneumothorax: Perform needle decompression.
• Tamponade (Cardiac): Treat with pericardiocentesis.
• Toxins: Administer antidotes or perform decontamination.
• Thrombosis (Pulmonary/Coronary): Manage with thrombolysis or surgical intervention.

Identifying and addressing these causes promptly can improve survival rates in pediatric cardiac arrest.