RECOGNITION OF RESPIRATORY DISTRESS AND FAILURE

Respiratory distress and failure are common causes of pediatric emergencies. Early recognition and intervention are crucial to prevent progression to cardiac arrest.

Signs of Respiratory Distress:

• Tachypnea: Increased respiratory rate.
• Retractions: Use of accessory muscles, visible as intercostal or suprasternal indrawing.
• Nasal Flaring: Widening of the nostrils during inspiration.
• Grunting: Expiratory sound indicating difficulty maintaining airway pressure.

Signs of Respiratory Failure:

• Bradypnea: Slowed respiratory rate or irregular breathing.
• Cyanosis: Bluish discoloration of the skin due to hypoxemia.
• Altered Mental Status: Lethargy or unresponsiveness due to inadequate oxygen delivery.

Recognizing these signs early allows healthcare providers to initiate appropriate interventions, such as oxygen therapy, bag-mask ventilation, or advanced airway management.