PALS Provider: Course

Incorrect. Neonates gradually increase oxygen saturation, starting at 60-65% in the first minute of life, as part of normal postnatal adaptation.

Incorrect. Defibrillation is the primary intervention for shockable rhythms like VF and pulseless VT in pediatric cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Fowler’s position (sitting upright) reduces respiratory effort and improves ventilation in children with respiratory distress.

Incorrect. Pulseless VT is a shockable rhythm requiring immediate defibrillation to restore organized cardiac activity.

Incorrect. Hypoxia is one of the most common reversible causes of PEA and is addressed with oxygenation and ventilation.

Incorrect. Nebulized epinephrine reduces airway swelling and improves airflow in severe upper airway obstruction.

Incorrect. VF is a shockable rhythm requiring immediate defibrillation to restore organized cardiac activity.

Incorrect. Atropine should not exceed a total dose of 3 mg during pediatric resuscitation to avoid adverse effects.

Incorrect. Oxygen improves perfusion and reduces hypoxia in children with poor perfusion but a palpable pulse.

Incorrect. Pulse checks should not exceed 10 seconds to minimize interruptions in chest compressions.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is administered to improve perfusion and increase heart rate in bradycardia unresponsive to oxygenation.

Incorrect. The two-thumb encircling technique provides effective chest compressions and allows better control for ventilations.

Incorrect. Oxygen saturation should be maintained between 94-98% to avoid hypoxia or hyperoxia post-resuscitation.

Incorrect. Neonates require oxygen saturation levels of 90-95% to support optimal oxygen delivery without causing hyperoxia.

Incorrect. Tension pneumothorax is included in the “T’s” of reversible causes and is treated with needle decompression to relieve pressure.

Incorrect. The first shock in pediatric cardiac arrest is delivered at 2 J/kg to restore a perfusing rhythm.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography is the most reliable method to confirm and monitor endotracheal tube placement during resuscitation.

Incorrect. For one-rescuer infant CPR, compressions are performed using two fingers just below the nipple line.

Incorrect. Early administration of epinephrine within 2 minutes improves outcomes in pediatric cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Fluid resuscitation, typically 20 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid, restores perfusion in hypovolemic shock.

Incorrect. The encircling thumbs technique provides high-quality compressions for infants and ensures uniform pressure distribution.

Incorrect. Vasopressors like epinephrine or dopamine are used to improve cardiac output and perfusion.

Incorrect. Atropine should not exceed a total dose of 3 mg to avoid adverse effects during pediatric bradycardia treatment.

Incorrect. Oxygen saturation should be maintained between 94-98% to prevent hypoxia or hyperoxia during resuscitation.

Incorrect. The first-line treatment for bradycardia caused by hypoxia is oxygenation and ventilation; atropine is used if bradycardia persists.

Incorrect. Maintaining oxygen saturation at 94-98% avoids both hypoxia and the harmful effects of hyperoxia.

Incorrect. The two-thumb encircling technique ensures effective chest compressions and promotes better blood flow in infants.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography reliably confirms ET tube placement and monitors ventilation in real time.

Incorrect. Rescue breaths provide adequate oxygenation and ventilation, preventing cardiac arrest in children with respiratory failure.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks every 2 minutes minimize interruptions in compressions while assessing for shockable rhythms.

Incorrect. Compressions at 1/3 the depth of the chest ensure adequate circulation without risking internal injuries.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate is the treatment of choice for torsades de pointes, stabilizing cardiac cells and correcting QT prolongation.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is given every 3-5 minutes to enhance coronary and cerebral perfusion during pediatric cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Compressing to one-third the depth of the chest ensures adequate perfusion without causing injury.

Incorrect. Adenosine is administered as a rapid IV push at an initial dose of 0.1 mg/kg to terminate SVT.

Incorrect. The initial defibrillation dose for pediatric VF is 2 J/kg, increasing to 4 J/kg for subsequent shocks if needed.

Incorrect. Intramuscular epinephrine is the first-line treatment for pediatric anaphylaxis, administered into the mid-thigh.

Incorrect. Atropine is used to treat bradycardia caused by increased vagal tone or primary conduction abnormalities.

Incorrect. Epinephrine at 0.01 mg/kg IV is administered during neonatal resuscitation to improve cardiac contractility and perfusion.

Incorrect. Rescue breaths deliver oxygen to maintain adequate ventilation in children with respiratory arrest and a pulse.

Incorrect. A 20 mL/kg isotonic crystalloid bolus is recommended to restore perfusion in septic shock.

Incorrect. Respiratory failure is the leading cause of cardiac arrest in children due to their dependency on oxygenation and ventilation.

Incorrect. The maximum cumulative dose of amiodarone in pediatric cardiac arrest is 15 mg/kg, given in divided doses.

Incorrect. The two-thumb encircling technique ensures effective compressions and promotes high-quality infant CPR.

Incorrect. Adenosine is not contraindicated but is generally not the first-line treatment in unstable SVT, where synchronized cardioversion is preferred.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography is the gold standard for confirming and monitoring endotracheal tube placement in real-time.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks are performed every 2 minutes to assess the need for defibrillation or changes in treatment.

Incorrect. A 30:2 ratio ensures sufficient oxygenation and circulation when only one rescuer is available for pediatric CPR.

Incorrect. Hypoglycemia is a reversible cause of cardiac arrest and is treated by correcting blood glucose levels.

Incorrect. ROSC refers to the restoration of spontaneous cardiac activity with a detectable pulse and effective circulation.

Incorrect. Tension pneumothorax is a treatable cause of cardiac arrest, managed by needle decompression to relieve intrathoracic pressure.

Incorrect. The recommended compression depth for children is 1/3 the depth of the chest, which is approximately 2 inches.

Incorrect. Adenosine is the first-line drug for stable SVT, given as a rapid IV push to interrupt reentrant tachyarrhythmias.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks are performed every 2 minutes to minimize interruptions in compressions while assessing the rhythm.

Incorrect. Epinephrine IM is the first-line treatment to reverse cardiovascular collapse and airway swelling in anaphylaxis.

Incorrect. Intraosseous access is a fast and reliable method for drug delivery when IV access is not immediately available.

Incorrect. Respiratory failure leads to hypoxia, which is the most frequent cause of bradycardia in children.

Incorrect. During CPR with an advanced airway, providing 10 breaths per minute prevents hyperventilation and ensures adequate oxygenation.

Incorrect. IO access provides rapid and reliable vascular access for drug delivery during pediatric cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Epinephrine IM is administered immediately to address airway swelling and improve respiratory function in anaphylaxis.

Incorrect. Epinephrine at 0.01 mg/kg is administered to improve cardiac output and perfusion during neonatal resuscitation.

Incorrect. An isotonic crystalloid bolus of 20 mL/kg is recommended to treat hypoperfusion caused by septic shock.

Incorrect. A 15:2 ratio is used during pediatric CPR with two rescuers to optimize ventilation and circulation.

Incorrect. A 20 mL/kg bolus of isotonic crystalloid is recommended for managing septic shock in children.

Incorrect. Atropine is limited to a maximum single dose of 1 mg in pediatric patients to treat bradycardia.