PALS Provider: Course

Incorrect. For a child without a pulse, CPR should be initiated with compressions and ventilations at a 30:2 or 15:2 ratio.

Incorrect. The maximum cumulative dose of amiodarone in pediatric cardiac arrest is 15 mg/kg, given in divided doses.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion is indicated in unstable SVT to restore a normal sinus rhythm safely.

Incorrect. Asystole is a non-shockable rhythm requiring high-quality CPR and epinephrine administration.

Incorrect. A 3:1 ratio is used for neonatal CPR to prioritize ventilation due to the respiratory etiology of most neonatal arrests.

Incorrect. Vagal maneuvers are the first-line intervention for stable SVT, promoting parasympathetic activity to terminate the arrhythmia.

Incorrect. Oxygen improves oxygenation and stabilizes respiratory function in children with severe distress.

Incorrect. Compressing to one-third the chest depth ensures adequate perfusion while minimizing the risk of injury during CPR.

Incorrect. Vagal maneuvers are the first-line intervention for stable SVT to terminate reentrant arrhythmias without drugs.

Incorrect. Adenosine is the first-line drug for stable SVT, given as a rapid IV push to interrupt reentrant tachyarrhythmias.

Incorrect. The maximum dose of adenosine for terminating SVT in pediatric patients is 12 mg, administered as a rapid IV push.

Incorrect. Vagal maneuvers are used to terminate stable SVT by increasing parasympathetic stimulation to the AV node.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion is used to treat unstable VT with a pulse to restore a normal rhythm and improve hemodynamics.

Incorrect. Atropine is limited to a maximum single dose of 1 mg in pediatric patients to treat bradycardia.

Incorrect. A 15:2 ratio improves oxygenation and circulation during high-quality infant CPR with two rescuers.

Incorrect. Fowler’s position (sitting upright) reduces respiratory effort and improves ventilation in children with respiratory distress.

Incorrect. ROSC refers to the resumption of effective blood circulation and detectable pulse following cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Fluid resuscitation, typically 20 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid, restores perfusion in hypovolemic shock.

Incorrect. The two-thumb encircling technique ensures effective compressions and promotes high-quality infant CPR.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is the first-line drug to improve perfusion and increase heart rate in bradycardia unresponsive to oxygenation.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion begins at 0.5-1 J/kg to restore a stable rhythm in unstable SVT in children.

Incorrect. Rescue breaths ensure oxygenation and prevent further deterioration in children with respiratory failure.

Incorrect. Atropine is dosed at 0.02 mg/kg, with a maximum single dose of 0.5 mg for children and 1 mg for adolescents.

Incorrect. During advanced airway CPR, breaths are delivered at 6-8 seconds (10 breaths/min) without pausing chest compressions.

Incorrect. Intramuscular epinephrine is the first-line treatment for pediatric anaphylaxis, administered into the mid-thigh.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography is the gold standard for confirming and monitoring endotracheal tube placement in real-time.

Incorrect. Pulseless VT is a shockable rhythm requiring immediate defibrillation to restore organized cardiac activity.

Incorrect. Oxygen delivery stabilizes respiratory distress and improves oxygen saturation in pediatric patients.

Incorrect. Hypothermia is one of the "H's" and should be corrected to restore normal cardiac function during resuscitation.

Incorrect. Pulse checks should be limited to 10 seconds to minimize interruptions in chest compressions.

Incorrect. The jaw thrust avoids neck movement and is preferred for maintaining the airway in patients with suspected cervical spine injuries.

Incorrect. Hypoxia-induced bradycardia is treated with oxygen to improve perfusion and heart rate.

Incorrect. Checking responsiveness determines the need for immediate resuscitation efforts.

Incorrect. VF is a shockable rhythm requiring immediate defibrillation to restore a perfusing rhythm in pediatric cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate is the treatment of choice for torsades de pointes, stabilizing the myocardium and correcting QT interval abnormalities.

Incorrect. Neonates achieve oxygen saturation of 80-85% within the first 5 minutes as oxygenation gradually improves after birth.

Incorrect. The correct compression depth for infants is 1/3 the depth of the chest, approximately 1.5 inches.

Incorrect. Fowler’s position (sitting upright) helps reduce respiratory effort and improve ventilation in children with breathing difficulties.

Incorrect. Asystole is a non-shockable rhythm requiring immediate CPR and epinephrine administration.

Incorrect. A bolus of 20 mL/kg isotonic crystalloid restores perfusion in hypovolemic shock.

Incorrect. The initial defibrillation dose for pediatric VF is 2 J/kg, increasing to 4 J/kg for subsequent shocks if needed.

Incorrect. Fluids restore perfusion, and antibiotics treat the underlying infection causing septic shock.

Incorrect. Lidocaine is administered at an initial dose of 1 mg/kg IV/IO to treat ventricular arrhythmias in pediatric patients.

Incorrect. A 20 mL/kg isotonic crystalloid bolus is recommended to restore perfusion in septic shock.

Incorrect. Epinephrine at 0.01 mg/kg is used to enhance cardiac contractility and perfusion during neonatal resuscitation.

Incorrect. Hypovolemia is a reversible cause and is treated with fluid resuscitation to restore circulating volume and perfusion.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is given every 3-5 minutes during cardiac arrest to improve perfusion and chances of ROSC.

Incorrect. Switching roles every 2 minutes prevents rescuer fatigue and ensures high-quality chest compressions.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate stabilizes the myocardium and is administered at 25-50 mg/kg for torsades de pointes.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate is the treatment of choice for torsades de pointes and is not contraindicated.

Incorrect. CPR is initiated immediately to relieve the obstruction and restore ventilation in an unresponsive child.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate is the drug of choice for stabilizing cardiac cells in torsades de pointes.

Incorrect. Defibrillation is the primary treatment for shockable rhythms like ventricular fibrillation or pulseless VT.

Incorrect. Hypoxia is the most common cause of bradycardia in children; oxygenation and ventilation address this underlying issue.

Incorrect. A fluid bolus, typically 20 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid, is the first step in treating hypovolemic shock in children.

Incorrect. Intraosseous access is a fast and reliable method for drug delivery when IV access is not immediately available.

Incorrect. Atropine should not exceed a total dose of 3 mg during pediatric resuscitation to avoid adverse effects.

Incorrect. Compressing to one-third the depth of the chest ensures adequate perfusion without causing injury.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is administered at 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO every 3-5 minutes during pediatric cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Hypothermia is one of the "H's" in reversible causes of cardiac arrest and is treated with active rewarming.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate stabilizes the myocardium and is the drug of choice for torsades de pointes in children.

Incorrect. VF is a shockable rhythm and requires immediate defibrillation to restore organized cardiac activity.

Incorrect. If VF persists after the initial defibrillation at 2 J/kg, the next dose is 4 J/kg, and subsequent shocks should not exceed 10 J/kg.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate stabilizes the myocardium and is used to treat torsades de pointes in children.

Incorrect. Adenosine is given as a rapid IV push at 0.1 mg/kg to terminate SVT caused by reentrant pathways.