PALS Provider: Course

Incorrect. The initial defibrillation dose for pediatric VF is 2 J/kg, increasing to 4 J/kg for subsequent shocks if needed.

Incorrect. Respiratory failure leads to hypoxia, which is the most frequent cause of bradycardia in children.

Incorrect. Neonates transition to higher oxygen saturation levels gradually, targeting 80-85% by 5 minutes of life.

Incorrect. The total fluid bolus dose should not exceed 60 mL/kg to avoid fluid overload during resuscitation in children.

Incorrect. Oxygen saturation should be maintained between 94-98% to avoid hypoxia or hyperoxia post-resuscitation.

Incorrect. Neonates gradually increase oxygen saturation, starting at 60-65% in the first minute of life, as part of normal postnatal adaptation.

Incorrect. A 20 mL/kg bolus of isotonic crystalloid is recommended for managing septic shock in children.

Incorrect. Hypoxia-induced bradycardia is treated with oxygen to improve oxygenation and perfusion.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate stabilizes the myocardium and is used to treat torsades de pointes in children.

Incorrect. Needle decompression relieves pressure and restores ventilation in children with tension pneumothorax.

Incorrect. Rescue breaths provide adequate oxygenation for children with a pulse but insufficient respiratory effort.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion begins at 0.5-1 J/kg to restore a stable rhythm in unstable SVT in children.

Incorrect. Defibrillation is the primary intervention for shockable rhythms like VF and pulseless VT in pediatric cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate stabilizes the myocardium and is the drug of choice for torsades de pointes in children.

Incorrect. Atropine is used to treat bradycardia caused by increased vagal tone or primary conduction abnormalities.

Incorrect. Hypoglycemia is a reversible cause of PEA and should be corrected to restore normal metabolic and cardiac function.

Incorrect. Ventilations are delivered every 6 seconds (10 breaths per minute) to ensure oxygenation without interrupting compressions.

Incorrect. Amiodarone is the preferred antiarrhythmic for stabilizing wide-complex tachycardia in pediatric patients.

Incorrect. Compressing one-third the chest depth ensures effective perfusion while minimizing the risk of injury in children.

Incorrect. IM epinephrine is the first-line treatment to reduce airway swelling and improve oxygenation.

Incorrect. Oxygen saturation should be maintained between 94-98% to prevent hypoxia or hyperoxia during resuscitation.

Incorrect. Providing 10 breaths per minute ensures adequate oxygenation without causing hyperventilation during CPR with an advanced airway.

Incorrect. Asystole is a non-shockable rhythm requiring immediate CPR and epinephrine administration.

Incorrect. Defibrillation for pediatric pulseless VT starts at 2 J/kg, increasing to 4 J/kg for subsequent shocks as needed.

Incorrect. A 3:1 ratio prioritizes ventilation due to the respiratory etiology of most neonatal arrests.

Incorrect. Pulseless VT is a shockable rhythm requiring immediate defibrillation to restore organized cardiac activity.

Incorrect. Lidocaine is administered at an initial dose of 1 mg/kg IV/IO to treat ventricular arrhythmias in pediatric patients.

Incorrect. Fowler’s position (sitting upright) reduces respiratory effort and improves ventilation in children with respiratory distress.

Incorrect. The compression-to-ventilation ratio for single-rescuer infant CPR is 30:2, ensuring adequate perfusion and oxygenation.

Incorrect. The initial defibrillation dose for pediatric VF is 2 J/kg, increasing to 4 J/kg for subsequent shocks if needed.

Incorrect. Rescue breaths provide adequate oxygenation and ventilation, preventing cardiac arrest in children with respiratory failure.

Incorrect. Maintaining oxygen saturation between 90-95% prevents hypoxia and avoids the risks of hyperoxia in neonates.

Incorrect. A PETCO2 value above 10 mmHg indicates adequate chest compressions and cardiac output during CPR.

Incorrect. Pulseless VT is a shockable rhythm that requires immediate defibrillation to restore a perfusing rhythm.

Incorrect. The first defibrillation dose for pediatric pulseless VT starts at 2 J/kg, increasing to 4 J/kg for subsequent shocks.

Incorrect. Tension pneumothorax is included in the “T’s” of reversible causes and is treated with needle decompression to relieve pressure.

Incorrect. The first shock in pediatric cardiac arrest is delivered at 2 J/kg to restore a perfusing rhythm.

Incorrect. Oxygen delivery improves oxygen saturation and stabilizes respiratory distress in children.

Incorrect. The two-thumb encircling technique ensures effective compressions and promotes high-quality infant CPR.

Incorrect. Epinephrine at 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO is administered every 3-5 minutes during pediatric cardiac arrest to improve perfusion.

Incorrect. Vagal maneuvers are used to terminate stable SVT by increasing parasympathetic stimulation to the AV node.

Incorrect. Oxygen improves oxygenation and stabilizes respiratory function in children with severe distress.

Incorrect. Pulse checks should not exceed 10 seconds to minimize interruptions in chest compressions.

Incorrect. Compressions at 1/3 the depth of the chest ensure adequate circulation without risking internal injuries.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is given every 3-5 minutes to enhance coronary and cerebral perfusion during pediatric cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. The total cumulative dose of amiodarone during pediatric cardiac arrest should not exceed 15 mg/kg.

Incorrect. Atropine is given at a dose of 0.02 mg/kg to treat bradycardia caused by increased vagal tone or primary AV block.

Incorrect. The initial energy dose for defibrillation in VF or pulseless VT is 2 J/kg, increasing as needed for subsequent shocks.

Incorrect. A bolus of 20 mL/kg isotonic crystalloid restores perfusion in hypovolemic shock.

Incorrect. IV access is the preferred route for drug delivery during resuscitation, ensuring rapid and reliable administration.

Incorrect. Oxygenation and ventilation are the first-line treatments for bradycardia caused by hypoxia; lidocaine is used for arrhythmias.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography is the most reliable method to confirm and monitor proper ET tube placement in pediatric patients.

Incorrect. The maximum cumulative dose of amiodarone in pediatric cardiac arrest is 15 mg/kg, given in divided doses.

Incorrect. Oxygen saturation should be maintained at 94-98% to avoid hypoxia or hyperoxia.

Incorrect. The maximum atropine dose for pediatric bradycardia is 3 mg total, with individual doses capped at 0.5 mg for children.

Incorrect. Oxygen saturation gradually increases after birth, with a target of 60-65% during the first minute of neonatal resuscitation.

Incorrect. The compression-to-ventilation ratio for neonatal CPR with two rescuers is 3:1, prioritizing ventilation over compressions.

Incorrect. Oxygen is the initial intervention for pediatric bradycardia caused by hypoxia to improve perfusion and heart rate.

Incorrect. Delivering 10 breaths per minute with an advanced airway ensures oxygenation without over-ventilating.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography reliably confirms and monitors proper endotracheal tube placement.

Incorrect. The defibrillation dose increases to 4 J/kg for refractory VF after the initial 2 J/kg shock.

Incorrect. The encircling thumbs technique provides high-quality compressions for infants and ensures uniform pressure distribution.

Incorrect. CPR is initiated immediately to relieve the obstruction and restore ventilation in an unresponsive child.

Incorrect. A compression fraction >80% ensures most of the resuscitation time is spent delivering compressions for optimal circulation.

Incorrect. The maximum dose of atropine for pediatric bradycardia is 1 mg for children and 3 mg for adolescents.