PALS Provider: Course

Incorrect. Hypoxia is one of the most common reversible causes of PEA and is addressed with oxygenation and ventilation.

Incorrect. A compression fraction >80% ensures that the majority of CPR time is spent delivering chest compressions for optimal outcomes.

Incorrect. Amiodarone is administered at 5 mg/kg IV/IO for pediatric patients in refractory ventricular fibrillation.

Incorrect. During CPR with an advanced airway, providing 10 breaths per minute prevents hyperventilation and ensures adequate oxygenation.

Incorrect. Early administration of epinephrine within 2 minutes improves outcomes in pediatric cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks are performed every 2 minutes to assess the need for defibrillation or changes in treatment.

Incorrect. A compression fraction >80% ensures most of the resuscitation time is spent delivering compressions for optimal circulation.

Incorrect. VF is a shockable rhythm requiring immediate defibrillation to restore a perfusing rhythm in pediatric cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion is the first-line treatment for unstable SVT in pediatric patients.

Incorrect. Epinephrine at 0.01 mg/kg IV is administered during neonatal resuscitation to improve cardiac contractility and perfusion.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is given at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg IV every 3-5 minutes for pediatric bradycardia unresponsive to oxygenation.

Incorrect. The maximum single dose of adenosine for terminating SVT in pediatric patients is 12 mg, administered as a rapid IV push.

Incorrect. The defibrillation dose increases to 4 J/kg for refractory VF after the initial 2 J/kg shock.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is given every 3-5 minutes during cardiac arrest to enhance coronary and cerebral perfusion.

Incorrect. PEA is a non-shockable rhythm and is managed with high-quality CPR and addressing reversible causes such as hypoxia or hypovolemia.

Incorrect. By 10 minutes after birth, neonates should reach an oxygen saturation of 90-95%, reflecting effective oxygenation.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is given every 3-5 minutes to enhance coronary and cerebral perfusion during pediatric cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. For cardiogenic shock, smaller fluid boluses of 5-10 mL/kg are preferred to avoid fluid overload due to poor cardiac function.

Incorrect. Hypoxia-induced bradycardia is treated with oxygen to improve perfusion and heart rate.

Incorrect. Assessing responsiveness determines whether the child requires immediate intervention.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is administered to improve perfusion and heart rate in bradycardia unresponsive to oxygen.

Incorrect. Adenosine is administered to terminate reentrant arrhythmias causing SVT when vagal maneuvers fail.

Incorrect. Rescuers should switch roles every 2 minutes to maintain high-quality chest compressions without fatigue.

Incorrect. Compressions for children should be performed with the heel of one or both hands, depending on the child's size.

Incorrect. Compressions at 1/3 the depth of the chest ensure adequate perfusion without risking internal injuries.

Incorrect. The maximum dose of atropine for pediatric bradycardia is 1 mg for children and 3 mg for adolescents.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography reliably confirms and monitors proper endotracheal tube placement.

Incorrect. The recommended compression rate for high-quality CPR in children is 100-120 compressions per minute.

Incorrect. Neonates in shock or with hypovolemia should receive a fluid bolus of 10 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid.

Incorrect. Hypoxia is the most common cause of bradycardia in children; oxygenation and ventilation address this underlying issue.

Incorrect. Fluid resuscitation restores perfusion, and antibiotics address the infection causing septic shock.

Incorrect. Encouraging spontaneous clearance prevents worsening of the obstruction in children with partial airway blockage.

Incorrect. The total fluid bolus dose should not exceed 60 mL/kg to avoid fluid overload during resuscitation in children.

Incorrect. Hypoxia is the leading reversible cause of cardiac arrest in children and should be addressed promptly with oxygenation.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion begins at 0.5-1 J/kg to restore a stable rhythm in unstable SVT in children.

Incorrect. Amiodarone is given at a dose of 5 mg/kg IV/IO during VF or pulseless VT to stabilize the rhythm.

Incorrect. Adenosine is the first-line drug for stable SVT, given as a rapid IV push to interrupt reentrant tachyarrhythmias.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion restores a normal rhythm in unstable SVT to prevent further hemodynamic compromise.

Incorrect. IO access provides rapid and reliable vascular access for drug delivery during pediatric cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. An isotonic crystalloid bolus of 20 mL/kg is recommended to treat hypoperfusion caused by septic shock.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography is the most reliable method to confirm and monitor endotracheal tube placement during resuscitation.

Incorrect. Oxygen saturation should be maintained between 94-98% to avoid hypoxia or hyperoxia post-resuscitation.

Incorrect. Rescue breaths provide oxygenation to prevent deterioration to cardiac arrest in children with a pulse.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks every 2 minutes minimize interruptions in compressions while assessing for shockable rhythms.

Incorrect. Atropine should not exceed a total dose of 3 mg during pediatric resuscitation to avoid adverse effects.

Incorrect. Hypoxia is the leading cause of pediatric bradycardia and should be addressed with oxygenation and ventilation.

Incorrect. A fluid bolus of 20 mL/kg is used to rehydrate children with dehydration and adequate cardiac function.

Incorrect. A 20 mL/kg isotonic crystalloid bolus is recommended to restore perfusion in septic shock.

Incorrect. The two-thumb encircling technique ensures effective chest compressions and promotes better blood flow in infants.

Incorrect. The maximum cumulative dose of amiodarone in pediatric cardiac arrest is 15 mg/kg, given in divided doses.

Incorrect. Limiting fluid boluses to 10 mL/kg prevents fluid overload and worsening cardiac function in cardiogenic shock.

Incorrect. Intramuscular epinephrine is the first-line treatment for pediatric anaphylaxis, administered into the mid-thigh.

Incorrect. Oxygen improves perfusion and is the first-line treatment for bradycardia caused by hypoxia.

Incorrect. Asystole is a non-shockable rhythm requiring high-quality CPR and epinephrine administration.

Incorrect. Checking responsiveness determines the need for immediate resuscitation efforts.

Incorrect. The first defibrillation dose for pediatric pulseless VT starts at 2 J/kg, increasing to 4 J/kg for subsequent shocks.

Incorrect. Atropine is the drug of choice for bradycardia caused by increased vagal tone, blocking parasympathetic stimulation.

Incorrect. Amiodarone stabilizes wide-complex tachycardia by slowing conduction and suppressing arrhythmias.

Incorrect. During respiratory arrest, rescue breaths are delivered at a rate of 6-8 breaths per minute to ensure adequate oxygenation.

Incorrect. The encircling thumbs technique provides high-quality compressions for infants and ensures uniform pressure distribution.

Incorrect. The cumulative maximum dose of amiodarone in pediatric cardiac arrest is 15 mg/kg IV/IO, given in divided doses.

Incorrect. Hypoxia is the most common cause of pediatric bradycardia, and oxygenation and ventilation often resolve it.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography is the most reliable method for confirming and monitoring ET tube placement.

Incorrect. Oxygen administration is the first step to stabilize a child in respiratory distress and improve oxygen delivery.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion begins at 0.5-1 J/kg for pediatric SVT and increases as needed based on clinical response.