PALS Provider: Course

Incorrect. The first shock in VF or pulseless VT is delivered at 2 J/kg, with subsequent shocks at 4 J/kg if needed.

Incorrect. Neonates in shock or with hypovolemia should receive a fluid bolus of 10 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid.

Incorrect. Epinephrine IM is the first-line treatment to reverse cardiovascular collapse and airway swelling in anaphylaxis.

Incorrect. The total fluid bolus dose should not exceed 60 mL/kg to avoid fluid overload during resuscitation in children.

Incorrect. PEA is a non-shockable rhythm and is managed with high-quality CPR, epinephrine, and addressing reversible causes.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography is the most reliable method to confirm and monitor proper ET tube placement in pediatric patients.

Incorrect. Immediate defibrillation is crucial to restoring a perfusing rhythm in shockable cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Fowler’s position (sitting upright) reduces respiratory effort and improves ventilation in children with respiratory distress.

Incorrect. The maximum cumulative dose of amiodarone in pediatric cardiac arrest is 15 mg/kg, given in divided doses.

Incorrect. IV access is the preferred route for drug delivery during resuscitation, ensuring rapid and reliable administration.

Incorrect. ROSC refers to the restoration of spontaneous cardiac activity with a detectable pulse and effective circulation.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography reliably confirms ET tube placement and monitors ventilation in real time.

Incorrect. Neonatal hypovolemic shock is managed with smaller boluses of 10 mL/kg to avoid overloading the circulatory system.

Incorrect. Assessing responsiveness determines whether the child requires immediate intervention.

Incorrect. Adenosine is given as a rapid IV push at 0.1 mg/kg to terminate SVT caused by reentrant pathways.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate is the treatment of choice for torsades de pointes in pediatric patients, not lidocaine.

Incorrect. A fluid bolus of 20 mL/kg is used to rehydrate children with dehydration and adequate cardiac function.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is administered every 3-5 minutes during pediatric cardiac arrest to enhance coronary and cerebral perfusion.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks are performed every 2 minutes to assess the need for defibrillation or changes in treatment.

Incorrect. The two-thumb encircling technique ensures effective compressions and promotes high-quality infant CPR.

Incorrect. Fluids restore perfusion, and antibiotics treat the underlying infection causing septic shock.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate stabilizes cardiac cells and is the treatment of choice for torsades de pointes.

Incorrect. Naloxone is the opioid antagonist used to reverse respiratory depression caused by opioid overdose in children.

Incorrect. An isotonic crystalloid bolus of 20 mL/kg is recommended to treat hypoperfusion caused by septic shock.

Incorrect. VF is a shockable rhythm requiring immediate defibrillation to restore a perfusing rhythm.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion is used to treat unstable VT with a pulse to restore a normal rhythm and improve hemodynamics.

Incorrect. Needle decompression relieves pressure and restores ventilation in children with tension pneumothorax.

Incorrect. VF is a shockable rhythm requiring immediate defibrillation to restore a perfusing rhythm in pediatric cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Compressions for children should be performed with the heel of one or both hands, depending on the child's size.

Incorrect. Rescuer roles should be rotated every 2 minutes to prevent fatigue and maintain effective chest compressions.

Incorrect. The initial defibrillation dose for pediatric VF is 2 J/kg, increasing to 4 J/kg for subsequent shocks if needed.

Incorrect. Checking responsiveness determines the need for immediate resuscitation efforts.

Incorrect. Hypoxia is the most common cause of pediatric bradycardia, and oxygenation and ventilation often resolve it.

Incorrect. Neonates transition to higher oxygen saturation levels gradually, targeting 80-85% by 5 minutes of life.

Incorrect. Neonates require 40-60 breaths per minute to maintain oxygenation and prevent respiratory failure.

Incorrect. Fluids are given to restore circulation, and antibiotics address the underlying infection causing septic shock.

Incorrect. Adenosine is administered to terminate reentrant arrhythmias causing SVT when vagal maneuvers fail.

Incorrect. Intramuscular epinephrine is the first-line treatment for pediatric anaphylaxis, administered into the mid-thigh.

Incorrect. Neonates achieve oxygen saturation of 80-85% within the first 5 minutes as oxygenation gradually improves after birth.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is given every 3-5 minutes during cardiac arrest to improve perfusion and chances of ROSC.

Incorrect. Needle decompression relieves pressure and restores ventilation in cases of tension pneumothorax.

Incorrect. Lidocaine should not exceed a total dose of 3 mg/kg to avoid toxicity during resuscitation.

Incorrect. PEA is treated with high-quality CPR to maintain perfusion and address reversible causes.

Incorrect. IM epinephrine is the first-line treatment to reduce airway swelling and improve oxygenation.

Incorrect. Hypovolemia is a reversible cause and is treated with fluid resuscitation to restore circulating volume and perfusion.

Incorrect. The maximum dose of adenosine for pediatric SVT is 12 mg, administered as a rapid IV push.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion is indicated in unstable SVT to restore a normal sinus rhythm safely.

Incorrect. Amiodarone is given at 5 mg/kg IV/IO for ventricular tachycardia with a pulse to stabilize the rhythm.

Incorrect. Lidocaine is administered at an initial dose of 1 mg/kg IV/IO to treat ventricular arrhythmias in pediatric patients.

Incorrect. The defibrillation dose increases to 4 J/kg for refractory VF after the initial 2 J/kg shock.

Incorrect. The recommended compression depth for children is 1/3 the depth of the chest, which is approximately 2 inches.

Incorrect. Atropine is dosed at 0.02 mg/kg, with a maximum single dose of 0.5 mg for children and 1 mg for adolescents.

Incorrect. The first shock in pediatric cardiac arrest is delivered at 2 J/kg to restore a perfusing rhythm.

Incorrect. The total cumulative dose of amiodarone should not exceed 15 mg/kg to avoid toxicity during cardiac arrest resuscitation.

Incorrect. A compression fraction of greater than 80% ensures the majority of resuscitation time is spent delivering chest compressions.

Incorrect. Adenosine is administered as a rapid IV push at an initial dose of 0.1 mg/kg to terminate SVT.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is the drug of choice for treating bradycardia when oxygenation and ventilation do not resolve the issue.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate is the treatment of choice for torsades de pointes and is not contraindicated.

Incorrect. Tension pneumothorax is included in the “T’s” of reversible causes and is treated with needle decompression to relieve pressure.

Incorrect. The recommended compression rate for high-quality CPR in children is 100-120 compressions per minute.

Incorrect. The maximum dose of atropine for pediatric bradycardia is 1 mg for children and 3 mg for adolescents.

Incorrect. The first-line treatment for bradycardia caused by hypoxia is oxygenation and ventilation; atropine is used if bradycardia persists.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion begins at 0.5-1 J/kg for stable or unstable pediatric SVT and is increased if needed.

Incorrect. Pulseless VT is a shockable rhythm that requires immediate defibrillation to restore a perfusing rhythm.

Incorrect. Fluid resuscitation, typically with 20 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid, is the first step in treating hypovolemic shock.