PALS Provider: Course

Incorrect. Pulse checks should be limited to 10 seconds to minimize interruptions in chest compressions.

Incorrect. Neonates in hypovolemic shock receive an initial fluid bolus of 10 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid.

Incorrect. A bolus of 20 mL/kg isotonic crystalloid restores perfusion in hypovolemic shock.

Incorrect. PEA is a non-shockable rhythm and is treated with high-quality CPR, epinephrine, and addressing reversible causes.

Incorrect. Nebulized epinephrine reduces airway swelling and improves airflow in children with severe croup.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography is the gold standard for confirming and monitoring endotracheal tube placement in real-time.

Incorrect. Atropine is used to treat bradycardia caused by increased vagal tone or primary conduction abnormalities.

Incorrect. Hypoxia-induced bradycardia is treated with oxygen to improve perfusion and heart rate.

Incorrect. For a child without a pulse, CPR should be initiated with compressions and ventilations at a 30:2 or 15:2 ratio.

Incorrect. The cumulative maximum dose of amiodarone in pediatric cardiac arrest is 15 mg/kg IV/IO, given in divided doses.

Incorrect. A fluid bolus, typically 20 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid, is the first step in treating hypovolemic shock in children.

Incorrect. Epinephrine IM is administered immediately to address airway swelling and improve respiratory function in anaphylaxis.

Incorrect. The target oxygen saturation for neonates during the first 10 minutes is 80-85%, gradually increasing to 90-95% later.

Incorrect. Intraosseous access provides rapid and reliable vascular access for drug delivery during pediatric resuscitation.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate stabilizes the cardiac membrane and is the treatment of choice for torsades de pointes in children.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks are performed every 2 minutes to minimize interruptions in compressions while assessing the rhythm.

Incorrect. A fluid bolus of 20 mL/kg is recommended for septic shock to restore perfusion and stabilize circulation.

Incorrect. Fowler’s position (sitting upright) helps reduce respiratory effort and improve ventilation in children with breathing difficulties.

Incorrect. A 15:2 ratio is used in two-rescuer pediatric CPR to optimize both circulation and oxygenation.

Incorrect. Vagal maneuvers are the first-line intervention for stable SVT, promoting parasympathetic activity to terminate the arrhythmia.

Incorrect. Providing 10 breaths per minute ensures adequate oxygenation without causing hyperventilation during CPR with an advanced airway.

Incorrect. The total cumulative dose of amiodarone should not exceed 15 mg/kg to avoid toxicity during cardiac arrest resuscitation.

Incorrect. Compressing one-third the chest depth ensures effective perfusion while minimizing the risk of injury in children.

Incorrect. High-quality CPR is the primary treatment for PEA while addressing potential reversible causes.

Incorrect. The initial defibrillation dose for pediatric VF is 2 J/kg, increasing to 4 J/kg for subsequent shocks if needed.

Incorrect. VF is a shockable rhythm requiring immediate defibrillation to restore organized cardiac activity.

Incorrect. Naloxone is the opioid antagonist used to reverse respiratory depression caused by opioid overdose in children.

Incorrect. Oxygen delivery improves oxygen saturation and stabilizes respiratory distress in children.

Incorrect. The preferred method is waveform capnography, as it provides continuous monitoring and confirmation of tube placement.

Incorrect. Defibrillation is the primary treatment for shockable rhythms like ventricular fibrillation or pulseless VT.

Incorrect. The encircling thumbs technique provides high-quality compressions for infants and ensures uniform pressure distribution.

Incorrect. VF is a shockable rhythm and requires immediate defibrillation to restore organized cardiac activity.

Incorrect. Encouraging spontaneous clearance prevents worsening of the obstruction in children with partial airway blockage.

Incorrect. Intramuscular epinephrine is the first-line treatment for pediatric anaphylaxis, administered into the mid-thigh.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate stabilizes the myocardium and is the drug of choice for torsades de pointes in children.

Incorrect. PEA is treated with high-quality CPR to maintain perfusion and address reversible causes.

Incorrect. Switching roles every 2 minutes prevents rescuer fatigue and ensures high-quality chest compressions.

Incorrect. Fowler’s position (sitting upright) reduces respiratory effort and improves ventilation in children with respiratory distress.

Incorrect. Adenosine is the first-line drug for stable SVT, given as a rapid IV push to interrupt reentrant tachyarrhythmias.

Incorrect. A 20 mL/kg fluid bolus is standard for pediatric hypovolemic shock to restore circulating volume.

Incorrect. Rescue breaths provide oxygenation to prevent deterioration to cardiac arrest in children with a pulse.

Incorrect. A 3:1 ratio prioritizes ventilation due to the respiratory etiology of most neonatal arrests.

Incorrect. A 20 mL/kg isotonic crystalloid bolus is recommended to restore perfusion in septic shock.

Incorrect. Oxygen delivery stabilizes respiratory distress and improves oxygen saturation in pediatric patients.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion is the first-line treatment for unstable SVT in pediatric patients.

Incorrect. A compression fraction greater than 80% ensures that most of the resuscitation time is spent on chest compressions.

Incorrect. High-quality CPR is continued while addressing any potential reversible causes in pediatric PEA.

Incorrect. Limiting fluid boluses to 10 mL/kg prevents fluid overload and worsening cardiac function in cardiogenic shock.

Incorrect. Bag-mask ventilation supports oxygenation and prevents deterioration to cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Vagal maneuvers are the first-line treatment to terminate SVT in stable pediatric patients by slowing AV node conduction.

Incorrect. Atropine should not exceed a total dose of 3 mg to avoid adverse effects during pediatric bradycardia treatment.

Incorrect. The first shock in pediatric cardiac arrest is delivered at 2 J/kg to restore a perfusing rhythm.

Incorrect. A compression rate of 100-120 per minute optimizes perfusion while preventing rescuer fatigue.

Incorrect. Compressions at 1/3 the depth of the chest ensure adequate perfusion without risking internal injuries.

Incorrect. Fluid resuscitation, typically 20 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid, restores perfusion in hypovolemic shock.

Incorrect. Pulseless VT is a shockable rhythm requiring immediate defibrillation to restore organized cardiac activity.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is administered to improve perfusion and increase heart rate in bradycardia unresponsive to oxygenation.

Incorrect. A compression fraction >80% ensures that the majority of CPR time is spent delivering chest compressions for optimal outcomes.

Incorrect. IM epinephrine is the first-line treatment to reduce airway swelling and improve oxygenation.

Incorrect. In cardiogenic shock, smaller fluid boluses of 5-10 mL/kg are preferred to avoid fluid overload and worsening cardiac function.

Incorrect. Lidocaine should not exceed a total dose of 3 mg/kg to avoid toxicity during resuscitation.

Incorrect. Rescue breaths provide adequate oxygenation and prevent progression to cardiac arrest in children with respiratory failure.

Incorrect. Oxygen saturation gradually increases after birth, with a target of 60-65% during the first minute of neonatal resuscitation.

Incorrect. Hypoglycemia is a reversible cause of cardiac arrest and is treated by correcting blood glucose levels.

Incorrect. ROSC refers to the restoration of spontaneous cardiac activity with a detectable pulse and effective circulation.