PALS Provider: Course

Incorrect. Adenosine is not contraindicated but is generally not the first-line treatment in unstable SVT, where synchronized cardioversion is preferred.

Incorrect. The maximum cumulative dose of amiodarone in pediatric cardiac arrest is 15 mg/kg, given in divided doses.

Incorrect. Intraosseous access is a fast and reliable method for drug delivery when IV access is not immediately available.

Incorrect. Neonates achieve oxygen saturation of 80-85% within the first 5 minutes as oxygenation gradually improves after birth.

Incorrect. A fluid bolus of 20 mL/kg is used to rehydrate children with dehydration and adequate cardiac function.

Incorrect. Compressions for children should be performed with the heel of one or both hands, depending on the child's size.

Incorrect. Neonates require oxygen saturation levels of 90-95% to support optimal oxygen delivery without causing hyperoxia.

Incorrect. PEA is a non-shockable rhythm and is managed with high-quality CPR and addressing reversible causes such as hypoxia or hypovolemia.

Incorrect. CPR is continued while monitoring for any changes and attempting to identify hidden reversible causes of PEA.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is given at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg IV every 3-5 minutes for pediatric bradycardia unresponsive to oxygenation.

Incorrect. Epinephrine at 0.01 mg/kg IV is administered during neonatal resuscitation to improve cardiac contractility and perfusion.

Incorrect. Oxygen saturation should be maintained between 94-98% to avoid hypoxia or hyperoxia post-resuscitation.

Incorrect. The first shock in VF or pulseless VT is delivered at 2 J/kg, with subsequent shocks at 4 J/kg if needed.

Incorrect. A 20 mL/kg isotonic crystalloid bolus is recommended to restore perfusion in septic shock.

Incorrect. Rhythm checks are performed every 2 minutes to evaluate for shockable rhythms or changes in the patient’s condition.

Incorrect. Atropine should not exceed a total dose of 3 mg during pediatric resuscitation to avoid adverse effects.

Incorrect. The two-thumb encircling technique ensures effective chest compressions and promotes better blood flow in infants.

Incorrect. Atropine is given at a dose of 0.02 mg/kg to treat bradycardia caused by increased vagal tone or primary AV block.

Incorrect. A 15:2 ratio ensures efficient oxygenation and circulation during two-rescuer pediatric CPR.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is administered to improve perfusion and heart rate in bradycardia unresponsive to oxygen.

Incorrect. The correct dose of epinephrine in pediatric cardiac arrest is 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO every 3-5 minutes.

Incorrect. A 15:2 ratio is used in two-rescuer pediatric CPR to optimize both circulation and oxygenation.

Incorrect. Adenosine is the first-line drug for stable SVT, given as a rapid IV push to interrupt reentrant tachyarrhythmias.

Incorrect. The initial energy dose for defibrillation in VF or pulseless VT is 2 J/kg, increasing as needed for subsequent shocks.

Incorrect. Fowler’s position (sitting upright) reduces respiratory effort and improves ventilation in children with respiratory distress.

Incorrect. Rescue breaths ensure oxygenation and prevent further deterioration in children with respiratory failure.

Incorrect. Synchronized cardioversion begins at 0.5-1 J/kg for stable or unstable pediatric SVT and is increased if needed.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is given every 3-5 minutes during cardiac arrest to enhance coronary and cerebral perfusion.

Incorrect. Delivering 8-10 breaths per minute ensures adequate oxygenation without hyperventilation during CPR with an advanced airway.

Incorrect. Oxygen saturation should be maintained between 94-98% to prevent hypoxia or hyperoxia during resuscitation.

Incorrect. Hyperglycemia is not listed as one of the reversible causes of cardiac arrest (H's and T's).

Incorrect. If no rhythm is detected, CPR is continued immediately to maintain perfusion until further intervention is possible.

Incorrect. Lidocaine should not exceed a total dose of 3 mg/kg to avoid toxicity during pediatric resuscitation.

Incorrect. Neonates receive a 10 mL/kg isotonic crystalloid bolus to treat hypovolemic shock while avoiding fluid overload.

Incorrect. Atropine is dosed at 0.02 mg/kg, with a maximum single dose of 0.5 mg for children and 1 mg for adolescents.

Incorrect. VF is a shockable rhythm requiring immediate defibrillation to restore a perfusing rhythm.

Incorrect. Lidocaine should not exceed a total dose of 3 mg/kg to avoid toxicity during resuscitation.

Incorrect. Tension pneumothorax is a treatable cause of cardiac arrest, managed by needle decompression to relieve intrathoracic pressure.

Incorrect. Nebulized epinephrine reduces airway swelling and improves airflow in children with severe croup.

Incorrect. Limiting fluid boluses to 10 mL/kg prevents fluid overload and worsening cardiac function in cardiogenic shock.

Incorrect. Checking responsiveness determines the need for immediate resuscitation efforts.

Incorrect. Delivering 10 breaths per minute ensures adequate oxygenation without causing hyperventilation during CPR.

Incorrect. Intramuscular epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylactic shock to reverse airway constriction and hypotension.

Incorrect. The maximum dose of atropine for pediatric bradycardia is 1 mg for children and 3 mg for adolescents.

Incorrect. Pulse checks should be limited to 10 seconds to minimize interruptions in chest compressions.

Incorrect. Epinephrine is given every 3-5 minutes during cardiac arrest to improve coronary and cerebral perfusion.

Incorrect. A compression rate of 100-120 per minute ensures adequate circulation during CPR.

Incorrect. Hypovolemia is a reversible cause and is treated with fluid resuscitation to restore circulating volume and perfusion.

Incorrect. CPR is initiated immediately to relieve the obstruction and restore ventilation in an unresponsive child.

Incorrect. Amiodarone is administered at 5 mg/kg IV/IO for refractory VF or pulseless VT in pediatric cardiac arrest.

Incorrect. Magnesium sulfate is the treatment of choice for torsades de pointes, stabilizing cardiac cells and correcting QT prolongation.

Incorrect. Neonatal hypovolemic shock is managed with smaller boluses of 10 mL/kg to avoid overloading the circulatory system.

Incorrect. The recommended compression rate for children is 100-120 compressions per minute, ensuring effective perfusion.

Incorrect. Waveform capnography is the most reliable method to confirm and monitor proper ET tube placement in pediatric patients.

Incorrect. The total cumulative dose of amiodarone during pediatric cardiac arrest should not exceed 15 mg/kg.

Incorrect. The compression-to-ventilation ratio for neonatal CPR with two rescuers is 3:1, prioritizing ventilation over compressions.

Incorrect. The recommended compression depth for children is 1/3 the depth of the chest, which is approximately 2 inches.

Incorrect. Epinephrine at 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO is administered every 3-5 minutes during pediatric cardiac arrest to improve perfusion.

Incorrect. Hypoxia is the most common cause of bradycardia in children; oxygenation and ventilation address this underlying issue.

Incorrect. Assessing responsiveness determines whether the child requires immediate intervention.

Incorrect. Oxygen saturation should be maintained at 94-98% to avoid hypoxia or hyperoxia.

Incorrect. The cumulative maximum dose of amiodarone in pediatric cardiac arrest is 15 mg/kg IV/IO, given in divided doses.

Incorrect. Neonates in hypovolemic shock receive an initial fluid bolus of 10 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid.

Incorrect. Hypoxia-induced bradycardia is treated with oxygen to improve perfusion and heart rate.

Incorrect. A 15:2 ratio improves oxygenation and circulation during high-quality infant CPR with two rescuers.